| V-238204 | High | Ubuntu operating systems when booted must require authentication upon booting into single-user and maintenance modes. | To mitigate the risk of unauthorized access to sensitive information by entities that have been issued certificates by DoD-approved PKIs, all DoD systems (e.g., web servers and web portals) must... |
| V-238206 | High | The Ubuntu operating system must ensure only users who need access to security functions are part of sudo group. | An isolation boundary provides access control and protects the integrity of the hardware, software, and firmware that perform security functions.
Security functions are the hardware, software,... |
| V-238201 | High | The Ubuntu operating system must map the authenticated identity to the user or group account for PKI-based authentication. | Without mapping the certificate used to authenticate to the user account, the ability to determine the identity of the individual user or group will not be available for forensic analysis. |
| V-238363 | High | The Ubuntu operating system must implement NIST FIPS-validated cryptography to protect classified information and for the following: To provision digital signatures, to generate cryptographic hashes, and to protect unclassified information requiring confidentiality and cryptographic protection in accordance with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, and standards. | Use of weak or untested encryption algorithms undermines the purposes of utilizing encryption to protect data. The operating system must implement cryptographic modules adhering to the higher... |
| V-238219 | High | The Ubuntu operating system must be configured so that remote X connections are disabled, unless to fulfill documented and validated mission requirements. | The security risk of using X11 forwarding is that the client's X11 display server may be exposed to attack when the SSH client requests forwarding. A System Administrator may have a stance in... |
| V-238218 | High | The Ubuntu operating system must not allow unattended or automatic login via SSH. | Failure to restrict system access to authenticated users negatively impacts Ubuntu operating system security. |
| V-238215 | High | The Ubuntu operating system must use SSH to protect the confidentiality and integrity of transmitted information. | Without protection of the transmitted information, confidentiality and integrity may be compromised because unprotected communications can be intercepted and either read or altered.
This... |
| V-251504 | High | The Ubuntu operating system must not allow accounts configured with blank or null passwords. | If an account has an empty password, anyone could log on and run commands with the privileges of that account. Accounts with empty passwords should never be used in operational environments. |
| V-251503 | High | The Ubuntu operating system must not have accounts configured with blank or null passwords. | If an account has an empty password, anyone could log on and run commands with the privileges of that account. Accounts with empty passwords should never be used in operational environments. |
| V-238327 | High | The Ubuntu operating system must not have the rsh-server package installed. | It is detrimental for operating systems to provide, or install by default, functionality exceeding requirements or mission objectives. These unnecessary capabilities or services are often... |
| V-238326 | High | The Ubuntu operating system must not have the telnet package installed. | Passwords need to be protected at all times, and encryption is the standard method for protecting passwords. If passwords are not encrypted, they can be plainly read (i.e., clear text) and easily... |
| V-238380 | High | The Ubuntu operating system must disable the x86 Ctrl-Alt-Delete key sequence. | A locally logged-on user who presses Ctrl-Alt-Delete, when at the console, can reboot the system. If accidentally pressed, as could happen in the case of a mixed OS environment, this can create... |
| V-238379 | High | The Ubuntu operating system must disable the x86 Ctrl-Alt-Delete key sequence if a graphical user interface is installed. | A locally logged-on user who presses Ctrl-Alt-Delete, when at the console, can reboot the system. If accidentally pressed, as could happen in the case of a mixed OS environment, this can create... |
| V-238208 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must require users to reauthenticate for privilege escalation or when changing roles. | Without reauthentication, users may access resources or perform tasks for which they do not have authorization.
When operating systems provide the capability to escalate a functional... |
| V-238209 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system default filesystem permissions must be defined in such a way that all authenticated users can read and modify only their own files. | Setting the most restrictive default permissions ensures that when new accounts are created they do not have unnecessary access. |
| V-238205 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must uniquely identify interactive users. | To assure accountability and prevent unauthenticated access, organizational users must be identified and authenticated to prevent potential misuse and compromise of the system.
Organizational... |
| V-238207 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must automatically terminate a user session after inactivity timeouts have expired. | Automatic session termination addresses the termination of user-initiated logical sessions in contrast to the termination of network connections that are associated with communications sessions... |
| V-238200 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must allow users to directly initiate a session lock for all connection types. | A session lock is a temporary action taken when a user stops work and moves away from the immediate physical vicinity of the information system but does not want to log out because of the... |
| V-238361 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must allow the use of a temporary password for system logons with an immediate change to a permanent password. | Without providing this capability, an account may be created without a password. Non-repudiation cannot be guaranteed once an account is created if a user is not forced to change the temporary... |
| V-238360 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must be configured to use AppArmor. | Control of program execution is a mechanism used to prevent execution of unauthorized programs. Some operating systems may provide a capability that runs counter to the mission or provides users... |
| V-238367 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must configure the uncomplicated firewall to rate-limit impacted network interfaces. | Denial of service (DoS) is a condition when a resource is not available for legitimate users. When this occurs, the organization either cannot accomplish its mission or must operate at degraded... |
| V-238366 | Medium | Ubuntu operating system must implement cryptographic mechanisms to prevent unauthorized disclosure of all information at rest. | Operating systems handling data requiring "data at rest" protections must employ cryptographic mechanisms to prevent unauthorized disclosure and modification of the information at rest.
... |
| V-238365 | Medium | Ubuntu operating system must implement cryptographic mechanisms to prevent unauthorized modification of all information at rest. | Operating systems handling data requiring "data at rest" protections must employ cryptographic mechanisms to prevent unauthorized disclosure and modification of the information at rest.
... |
| V-238364 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must use DoD PKI-established certificate authorities for verification of the establishment of protected sessions. | Untrusted Certificate Authorities (CA) can issue certificates, but they may be issued by organizations or individuals that seek to compromise DoD systems or by organizations with insufficient... |
| V-238369 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must implement address space layout randomization to protect its memory from unauthorized code execution. | Some adversaries launch attacks with the intent of executing code in non-executable regions of memory or in memory locations that are prohibited. Security safeguards employed to protect memory... |
| V-238368 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must implement nonexecutable data to protect its memory from unauthorized code execution. | Some adversaries launch attacks with the intent of executing code in nonexecutable regions of memory or in memory locations that are prohibited. Security safeguards employed to protect memory... |
| V-238284 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the chacl command. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238285 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for the use and modification of the tallylog file. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238286 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for the use and modification of faillog file. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238287 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for the use and modification of the lastlog file. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238280 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the newgrp command. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238281 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the chcon command. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238282 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the apparmor_parser command. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238283 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the setfacl command. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238328 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must be configured to prohibit or restrict the use of functions, ports, protocols, and/or services, as defined in the PPSM CAL and vulnerability assessments. | In order to prevent unauthorized connection of devices, unauthorized transfer of information, or unauthorized tunneling (i.e., embedding of data types within data types), organizations must... |
| V-238288 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the passwd command. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238289 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the unix_update command. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238217 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must configure the SSH daemon to use FIPS 140-2 approved ciphers to prevent the unauthorized disclosure of information and/or detect changes to information during transmission. | Without cryptographic integrity protections, information can be altered by unauthorized users without detection.
Remote access (e.g., RDP) is access to DoD nonpublic information systems by an... |
| V-238216 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must configure the SSH daemon to use Message Authentication Codes (MACs) employing FIPS 140-2 approved cryptographic hashes to prevent the unauthorized disclosure of information and/or detect changes to information during transmission. | Without cryptographic integrity protections, information can be altered by unauthorized users without detection.
Remote access (e.g., RDP) is access to DoD nonpublic information systems by an... |
| V-238214 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must display the Standard Mandatory DoD Notice and Consent Banner before granting any local or remote connection to the system. | Display of a standardized and approved use notification before granting access to the publicly accessible operating system ensures privacy and security notification verbiage used is consistent... |
| V-238213 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must immediately terminate all network connections associated with SSH traffic at the end of the session or after 10 minutes of inactivity. | Terminating an idle session within a short time period reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized personnel to take control of a management session enabled on the console or console port... |
| V-238212 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must immediately terminate all network connections associated with SSH traffic after a period of inactivity. | Automatic session termination addresses the termination of user-initiated logical sessions in contrast to the termination of network connections that are associated with communications sessions... |
| V-238211 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must use strong authenticators in establishing nonlocal maintenance and diagnostic sessions. | Nonlocal maintenance and diagnostic activities are those activities conducted by individuals communicating through a network, either an external network (e.g., the internet) or an internal... |
| V-238210 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must implement smart card logins for multifactor authentication for local and network access to privileged and non-privileged accounts. | Without the use of multifactor authentication, the ease of access to privileged functions is greatly increased.
Multifactor authentication requires using two or more factors to achieve... |
| V-238356 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must, for networked systems, compare internal information system clocks at least every 24 hours with a server which is synchronized to one of the redundant United States Naval Observatory (USNO) time servers, or a time server designated for the appropriate DoD network (NIPRNet/SIPRNet), and/or the Global Positioning System (GPS). | Inaccurate time stamps make it more difficult to correlate events and can lead to an inaccurate analysis. Determining the correct time a particular event occurred on a system is critical when... |
| V-238354 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must have an application firewall installed in order to control remote access methods. | Remote access services, such as those providing remote access to network devices and information systems, which lack automated control capabilities, increase risk and make remote user access... |
| V-238355 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must enable and run the uncomplicated firewall(ufw). | Remote access services, such as those providing remote access to network devices and information systems, which lack automated control capabilities, increase risk and make remote user access... |
| V-238352 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system library directories must be group-owned by root. | If the operating system were to allow any user to make changes to software libraries, then those changes might be implemented without undergoing the appropriate testing and approvals that are... |
| V-238353 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must be configured to preserve log records from failure events. | Failure to a known state can address safety or security in accordance with the mission/business needs of the organization. Failure to a known secure state helps prevent a loss of confidentiality,... |
| V-238350 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system library directories must be owned by root. | If the operating system were to allow any user to make changes to software libraries, then those changes might be implemented without undergoing the appropriate testing and approvals that are... |
| V-238351 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system library files must be group-owned by root or a system account. | If the operating system were to allow any user to make changes to software libraries, then those changes might be implemented without undergoing the appropriate testing and approvals that are... |
| V-238358 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must notify designated personnel if baseline configurations are changed in an unauthorized manner. The file integrity tool must notify the System Administrator when changes to the baseline configuration or anomalies in the oper | Unauthorized changes to the baseline configuration could make the system vulnerable to various attacks or allow unauthorized access to the operating system. Changes to operating system... |
| V-238359 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system's Advance Package Tool (APT) must be configured to prevent the installation of patches, service packs, device drivers, or Ubuntu operating system components without verification they have been digitally signed using a certificate that is recognized and approved by the organization. | Changes to any software components can have significant effects on the overall security of the operating system. This requirement ensures the software has not been tampered with and that it has... |
| V-238297 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the delete_module syscall. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238295 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the init_module and finit_module syscalls. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238294 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the pam_timestamp_check command. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238293 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the crontab command. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238292 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the usermod command. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238291 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the chage command. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238290 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the gpasswd command. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238299 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must initiate session audits at system start-up. | If auditing is enabled late in the start-up process, the actions of some start-up processes may not be audited. Some audit systems also maintain state information only available if auditing is... |
| V-238298 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must produce audit records and reports containing information to establish when, where, what type, the source, and the outcome for all DoD-defined auditable events and actions in near real time. | Without establishing the when, where, type, source, and outcome of events that occurred, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events leading up to an outage or... |
| V-251505 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must disable automatic mounting of Universal Serial Bus (USB) mass storage driver. | Without authenticating devices, unidentified or unknown devices may be introduced, thereby facilitating malicious activity.
Peripherals include, but are not limited to, such devices as flash... |
| V-238198 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must display the Standard Mandatory DoD Notice and Consent Banner before granting local access to the system via a graphical user logon. | Display of a standardized and approved use notification before granting access to the Ubuntu operating system ensures privacy and security notification verbiage used is consistent with applicable... |
| V-238196 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must provision temporary user accounts with an expiration time of 72 hours or less. | If temporary user accounts remain active when no longer needed or for an excessive period, these accounts may be used to gain unauthorized access. To mitigate this risk, automated termination of... |
| V-238197 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must enable the graphical user logon banner to display the Standard Mandatory DoD Notice and Consent Banner before granting local access to the system via a graphical user logon. | Display of a standardized and approved use notification before granting access to the Ubuntu operating system ensures privacy and security notification verbiage used is consistent with applicable... |
| V-238220 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system SSH daemon must prevent remote hosts from connecting to the proxy display. | When X11 forwarding is enabled, there may be additional exposure to the server and client displays if the sshd proxy display is configured to listen on the wildcard address. By default, sshd... |
| V-238227 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must prevent the use of dictionary words for passwords. | If the Ubuntu operating system allows the user to select passwords based on dictionary words, then this increases the chances of password compromise by increasing the opportunity for successful... |
| V-238225 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must enforce a minimum 15-character password length. | The shorter the password, the lower the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised.
Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the... |
| V-238341 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must configure the /var/log/syslog file to be group-owned by adm. | Only authorized personnel should be aware of errors and the details of the errors. Error messages are an indicator of an organization's operational state or can identify the operating system or... |
| V-238340 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must configure the /var/log directory to have mode "0755" or less permissive. | Only authorized personnel should be aware of errors and the details of the errors. Error messages are an indicator of an organization's operational state or can identify the operating system or... |
| V-238228 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must be configured so that when passwords are changed or new passwords are established, pwquality must be used. | Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in... |
| V-238229 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system, for PKI-based authentication, must validate certificates by constructing a certification path (which includes status information) to an accepted trust anchor. | Without path validation, an informed trust decision by the relying party cannot be made when presented with any certificate not already explicitly trusted.
A trust anchor is an authoritative... |
| V-238345 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must have directories that contain system commands owned by root. | Protecting audit information also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized... |
| V-238344 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must have directories that contain system commands set to a mode of 0755 or less permissive. | Protecting audit information also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized... |
| V-238347 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system library files must have mode 0755 or less permissive. | If the operating system were to allow any user to make changes to software libraries, then those changes might be implemented without undergoing the appropriate testing and approvals that are... |
| V-238346 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must have directories that contain system commands group-owned by root. | Protecting audit information also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized... |
| V-238231 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must accept Personal Identity Verification (PIV) credentials. | The use of PIV credentials facilitates standardization and reduces the risk of unauthorized access.
DoD has mandated the use of the CAC to support identity management and personal... |
| V-238230 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must implement multifactor authentication for remote access to privileged accounts in such a way that one of the factors is provided by a device separate from the system gaining access. | Using an authentication device, such as a CAC or token that is separate from the information system, ensures that even if the information system is compromised, that compromise will not affect... |
| V-238199 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must retain a user's session lock until that user reestablishes access using established identification and authentication procedures. | A session lock is a temporary action taken when a user stops work and moves away from the immediate physical vicinity of the information system but does not want to log out because of the... |
| V-238236 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must be configured so that the script which runs each 30 days or less to check file integrity is the default one. | Without verification of the security functions, security functions may not operate correctly and the failure may go unnoticed. Security function is defined as the hardware, software, and/or... |
| V-238338 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must configure the /var/log directory to be group-owned by syslog. | Only authorized personnel should be aware of errors and the details of the errors. Error messages are an indicator of an organization's operational state or can identify the operating system or... |
| V-238339 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must configure the /var/log directory to be owned by root. | Only authorized personnel should be aware of errors and the details of the errors. Error messages are an indicator of an organization's operational state or can identify the operating system or... |
| V-238233 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system for PKI-based authentication, must implement a local cache of revocation data in case of the inability to access revocation information via the network. | Without configuring a local cache of revocation data, there is the potential to allow access to users who are no longer authorized (users with revoked certificates). |
| V-238232 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must electronically verify Personal Identity Verification (PIV) credentials. | The use of PIV credentials facilitates standardization and reduces the risk of unauthorized access.
DoD has mandated the use of the CAC to support identity management and personal... |
| V-238334 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must disable kernel core dumps so that it can fail to a secure state if system initialization fails, shutdown fails or aborts fail. | Kernel core dumps may contain the full contents of system memory at the time of the crash. Kernel core dumps may consume a considerable amount of disk space and may result in denial of service by... |
| V-238335 | Medium | Ubuntu operating systems handling data requiring "data at rest" protections must employ cryptographic mechanisms to prevent unauthorized disclosure and modification of the information at rest. | Information at rest refers to the state of information when it is located on a secondary storage device (e.g., disk drive and tape drive, when used for backups) within an operating system.
This... |
| V-238337 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate error messages that provide information necessary for corrective actions without revealing information that could be exploited by adversaries. | Any operating system providing too much information in error messages risks compromising the data and security of the structure, and content of error messages needs to be carefully considered by... |
| V-238330 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must disable account identifiers (individuals, groups, roles, and devices) after 35 days of inactivity. | Inactive identifiers pose a risk to systems and applications because attackers may exploit an inactive identifier and potentially obtain undetected access to the system. Owners of inactive... |
| V-238238 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for all account creations, modifications, disabling, and termination events that affect /etc/passwd. | Once an attacker establishes access to a system, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to create an... |
| V-238332 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must set a sticky bit on all public directories to prevent unauthorized and unintended information transferred via shared system resources. | Preventing unauthorized information transfers mitigates the risk of information, including encrypted representations of information, produced by the actions of prior users/roles (or the actions of... |
| V-238333 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must be configured to use TCP syncookies. | DoS is a condition when a resource is not available for legitimate users. When this occurs, the organization either cannot accomplish its mission or must operate at degraded capacity.
Managing... |
| V-238239 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for all account creations, modifications, disabling, and termination events that affect /etc/group. | Once an attacker establishes access to a system, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to create an... |
| V-238349 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system library files must be owned by root. | If the operating system were to allow any user to make changes to software libraries, then those changes might be implemented without undergoing the appropriate testing and approvals that are... |
| V-238329 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must prevent direct login into the root account. | To assure individual accountability and prevent unauthorized access, organizational users must be individually identified and authenticated.
A group authenticator is a generic account used by... |
| V-238348 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system library directories must have mode 0755 or less permissive. | If the operating system were to allow any user to make changes to software libraries, then those changes might be implemented without undergoing the appropriate testing and approvals that are... |
| V-238325 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must encrypt all stored passwords with a FIPS 140-2 approved cryptographic hashing algorithm. | Passwords need to be protected at all times, and encryption is the standard method for protecting passwords. If passwords are not encrypted, they can be plainly read (i.e., clear text) and easily... |
| V-238324 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must monitor remote access methods. | Remote access services, such as those providing remote access to network devices and information systems, which lack automated monitoring capabilities, increase risk and make remote user access... |
| V-238320 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the fdisk command. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238240 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for all account creations, modifications, disabling, and termination events that affect /etc/shadow. | Once an attacker establishes access to a system, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to create an... |
| V-238241 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for all account creations, modifications, disabling, and termination events that affect /etc/gshadow. | Once an attacker establishes access to a system, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to create an... |
| V-238242 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for all account creations, modifications, disabling, and termination events that affect /etc/opasswd. | Once an attacker establishes access to a system, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to create an... |
| V-238243 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must alert the ISSO and SA (at a minimum) in the event of an audit processing failure. | It is critical for the appropriate personnel to be aware if a system is at risk of failing to process audit logs as required. Without this notification, the security personnel may be unaware of an... |
| V-238244 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must shut down by default upon audit failure (unless availability is an overriding concern). | It is critical that when the operating system is at risk of failing to process audit logs as required, it takes action to mitigate the failure. Audit processing failures include: software/hardware... |
| V-238245 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must be configured so that audit log files are not read or write-accessible by unauthorized users. | Unauthorized disclosure of audit records can reveal system and configuration data to attackers, thus compromising its confidentiality.
Audit information includes all information (e.g., audit... |
| V-238246 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must be configured to permit only authorized users ownership of the audit log files. | Unauthorized disclosure of audit records can reveal system and configuration data to attackers, thus compromising its confidentiality.
Audit information includes all information (e.g., audit... |
| V-238247 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must permit only authorized groups ownership of the audit log files. | Unauthorized disclosure of audit records can reveal system and configuration data to attackers, thus compromising its confidentiality.
Audit information includes all information (e.g., audit... |
| V-238248 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must be configured so that the audit log directory is not write-accessible by unauthorized users. | If audit information were to become compromised, then forensic analysis and discovery of the true source of potentially malicious system activity is impossible to achieve.
To ensure the... |
| V-238249 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must be configured so that audit configuration files are not write-accessible by unauthorized users. | Without the capability to restrict which roles and individuals can select which events are audited, unauthorized personnel may be able to prevent the auditing of critical events.
Misconfigured... |
| V-255912 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system SSH server must be configured to use only FIPS-validated key exchange algorithms. | Without cryptographic integrity protections provided by FIPS-validated cryptographic algorithms, information can be viewed and altered by unauthorized users without detection.
The system will... |
| V-238343 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must configure /var/log/syslog file with mode 0640 or less permissive. | Only authorized personnel should be aware of errors and the details of the errors. Error messages are an indicator of an organization's operational state or can identify the operating system or... |
| V-238310 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for any successful/unsuccessful use of unlink, unlinkat, rename, renameat, and rmdir system calls. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238342 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must configure /var/log/syslog file to be owned by syslog. | Only authorized personnel should be aware of errors and the details of the errors. Error messages are an indicator of an organization's operational state or can identify the operating system or... |
| V-238316 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for the /var/run/utmp file. | Without generating audit records specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident... |
| V-238317 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for the /var/log/btmp file. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238315 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for the /var/log/wtmp file. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238318 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to use modprobe command. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238319 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to use the kmod command. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238253 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the chfn command. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238252 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the su command. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238251 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must permit only authorized groups to own the audit configuration files. | Without the capability to restrict which roles and individuals can select which events are audited, unauthorized personnel may be able to prevent the auditing of critical events.
Misconfigured... |
| V-238250 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must permit only authorized accounts to own the audit configuration files. | Without the capability to restrict which roles and individuals can select which events are audited, unauthorized personnel may be able to prevent the auditing of critical events.
Misconfigured... |
| V-238257 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the ssh-keysign command. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238256 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the ssh-agent command. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238255 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the umount command. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238254 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the mount command. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238258 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for any use of the setxattr, fsetxattr, lsetxattr, removexattr, fremovexattr, and lremovexattr system calls. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-252704 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must disable all wireless network adapters. | Without protection of communications with wireless peripherals, confidentiality and integrity may be compromised because unprotected communications can be intercepted and either read, altered, or... |
| V-238304 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must prevent all software from executing at higher privilege levels than users executing the software and the audit system must be configured to audit the execution of privileged functions. | In certain situations, software applications/programs need to execute with elevated privileges to perform required functions. However, if the privileges required for execution are at a higher... |
| V-238301 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must configure audit tools to be owned by root. | Protecting audit information also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized... |
| V-238300 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must configure audit tools with a mode of 0755 or less permissive. | Protecting audit information also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized... |
| V-238303 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must use cryptographic mechanisms to protect the integrity of audit tools. | Protecting the integrity of the tools used for auditing purposes is a critical step toward ensuring the integrity of audit information. Audit information includes all information (e.g., audit... |
| V-238302 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must configure the audit tools to be group-owned by root. | Protecting audit information also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized... |
| V-238309 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for privileged activities, nonlocal maintenance, diagnostic sessions and other system-level access. | If events associated with nonlocal administrative access or diagnostic sessions are not logged, a major tool for assessing and investigating attacks would not be available.
This requirement... |
| V-238264 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the chown, fchown, fchownat, and lchown system calls. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238268 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the chmod, fchmod, and fchmodat system calls. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238279 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the chsh command. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238278 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the sudoedit command. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238271 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the creat, open, openat, open_by_handle_at, truncate, and ftruncate system calls. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238277 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the sudo command. | Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an... |
| V-238370 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must be configured so that Advance Package Tool (APT) removes all software components after updated versions have been installed. | Previous versions of software components that are not removed from the information system after updates have been installed may be exploited by adversaries. Some information technology products... |
| V-238371 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must use a file integrity tool to verify correct operation of all security functions. | Without verification of the security functions, security functions may not operate correctly and the failure may go unnoticed. Security function is defined as the hardware, software, and/or... |
| V-238372 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must notify designated personnel if baseline configurations are changed in an unauthorized manner. The file integrity tool must notify the System Administrator when changes to the baseline configuration or anomalies in the operation of any security functions are discovered. | Unauthorized changes to the baseline configuration could make the system vulnerable to various attacks or allow unauthorized access to the Ubuntu operating system. Changes to Ubuntu operating... |
| V-238374 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must have an application firewall enabled. | Firewalls protect computers from network attacks by blocking or limiting access to open network ports. Application firewalls limit which applications are allowed to communicate over the network. |
| V-238376 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must have system commands set to a mode of 0755 or less permissive. | If the Ubuntu operating system were to allow any user to make changes to software libraries, then those changes might be implemented without undergoing the appropriate testing and approvals that... |
| V-238377 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must have system commands owned by root or a system account. | If the Ubuntu operating system were to allow any user to make changes to software libraries, then those changes might be implemented without undergoing the appropriate testing and approvals that... |
| V-238378 | Medium | The Ubuntu operating system must have system commands group-owned by root or a system account. | If the Ubuntu operating system were to allow any user to make changes to software libraries, then those changes might be implemented without undergoing the appropriate testing and approvals that... |
| V-238202 | Low | The Ubuntu operating system must enforce 24 hours/1 day as the minimum password lifetime. Passwords for new users must have a 24 hours/1 day minimum password lifetime restriction. | Enforcing a minimum password lifetime helps to prevent repeated password changes to defeat the password reuse or history enforcement requirement. If users are allowed to immediately and... |
| V-238203 | Low | The Ubuntu operating system must enforce a 60-day maximum password lifetime restriction. Passwords for new users must have a 60-day maximum password lifetime restriction. | Any password, no matter how complex, can eventually be cracked. Therefore, passwords need to be changed periodically. If the operating system does not limit the lifetime of passwords and force... |
| V-238362 | Low | The Ubuntu operating system must be configured such that Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM) prohibits the use of cached authentications after one day. | If cached authentication information is out-of-date, the validity of the authentication information may be questionable. |
| V-238357 | Low | The Ubuntu operating system must synchronize internal information system clocks to the authoritative time source when the time difference is greater than one second. | Inaccurate time stamps make it more difficult to correlate events and can lead to an inaccurate analysis. Determining the correct time a particular event occurred on a system is critical when... |
| V-238222 | Low | The Ubuntu operating system must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one lower-case character be used. | Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in... |
| V-238223 | Low | The Ubuntu operating system must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one numeric character be used. | Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in... |
| V-238221 | Low | The Ubuntu operating system must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one upper-case character be used. | Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in... |
| V-238226 | Low | The Ubuntu operating system must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one special character be used. | Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity or strength is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting... |
| V-238224 | Low | The Ubuntu operating system must require the change of at least 8 characters when passwords are changed. | If the operating system allows the user to consecutively reuse extensive portions of passwords, this increases the chances of password compromise by increasing the window of opportunity for... |
| V-238235 | Low | The Ubuntu operating system must automatically lock an account until the locked account is released by an administrator when three unsuccessful logon attempts have been made. | By limiting the number of failed logon attempts, the risk of unauthorized system access via user password guessing, otherwise known as brute-forcing, is reduced. Limits are imposed by locking the... |
| V-238234 | Low | The Ubuntu operating system must prohibit password reuse for a minimum of five generations. | Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. If the information system or application allows the... |
| V-238237 | Low | The Ubuntu operating system must enforce a delay of at least 4 seconds between logon prompts following a failed logon attempt. | Limiting the number of logon attempts over a certain time interval reduces the chances that an unauthorized user may gain access to an account. |
| V-238336 | Low | The Ubuntu operating system must deploy Endpoint Security for Linux Threat Prevention (ENSLTP). | Without the use of automated mechanisms to scan for security flaws on a continuous and/or periodic basis, the operating system or other system components may remain vulnerable to the exploits... |
| V-238331 | Low | The Ubuntu operating system must automatically remove or disable emergency accounts after 72 hours. | Emergency accounts are different from infrequently used accounts (i.e., local logon accounts used by the organization's System Administrator
s when network or normal logon/access is not... |
| V-238323 | Low | The Ubuntu operating system must limit the number of concurrent sessions to ten for all accounts and/or account types. | The Ubuntu operating system management includes the ability to control the number of users and user sessions that utilize an operating system. Limiting the number of allowed users and sessions per... |
| V-238321 | Low | The Ubuntu operating system must have a crontab script running weekly to offload audit events of standalone systems. | Information stored in one location is vulnerable to accidental or incidental deletion or alteration.
Offloading is a common process in information systems with limited audit storage capacity. |
| V-255913 | Low | The Ubuntu operating system must restrict access to the kernel message buffer. | Restricting access to the kernel message buffer limits access only to root. This prevents attackers from gaining additional system information as a nonprivileged user. |
| V-238305 | Low | The Ubuntu operating system must allocate audit record storage capacity to store at least one weeks' worth of audit records, when audit records are not immediately sent to a central audit record storage facility. | In order to ensure operating systems have a sufficient storage capacity in which to write the audit logs, operating systems need to be able to allocate audit record storage capacity.
The task... |
| V-238307 | Low | The Ubuntu operating system must immediately notify the SA and ISSO (at a minimum) when allocated audit record storage volume reaches 75% of the repository maximum audit record storage capacity. | If security personnel are not notified immediately when storage volume reaches 75% utilization, they are unable to plan for audit record storage capacity expansion. |
| V-238306 | Low | The Ubuntu operating system audit event multiplexor must be configured to off-load audit logs onto a different system or storage media from the system being audited. | Information stored in one location is vulnerable to accidental or incidental deletion or alteration.
Off-loading is a common process in information systems with limited audit storage... |
| V-238308 | Low | The Ubuntu operating system must record time stamps for audit records that can be mapped to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). | If time stamps are not consistently applied and there is no common time reference, it is difficult to perform forensic analysis.
Time stamps generated by the operating system include date and... |
| V-238373 | Low | The Ubuntu operating system must display the date and time of the last successful account logon upon logon. | Configuration settings are the set of parameters that can be changed in hardware, software, or firmware components of the system that affect the security posture and/or functionality of the... |
